The cell tower is trusted, and the preferred cell tower is the one with the strongest signals. That's literally the entire selection strategy.
Cell towers also choose the encryption that the cell phone should use. I don't think any currently available phone notifies you when no (A5/0) or weak (A5/1) encryption is used.
Cell towers also choose the encryption that the cell phone should use. I don't think any currently available phone notifies you when no (A5/0) or weak (A5/1) encryption is used.