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401 may or may not be unauthenticated, but it doesn't necessarily mean that. It just means that you do not have the authority to do whatever you were trying to do. A 401 implies that you need to gain authority to do what you want to do and try again[1].

A 403 means that it is simply forbidden. You cannot gain the authority to do what you want to do[2] and has nothing to do with credentials, no matter how nicely you ask.

For example, getting a project in your organization may return 401 (simply ask an admin for access), while getting a project in a different organization may return a 403 (you cannot get access to other organizations, ever).

1: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110#name-401-unauthorized

2: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110#name-403-forbidden



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