> Chemists published freely until dyes started being worth money
Notably this is exactly what patents are intended to combat. And while US IP law is clearly very broken it does at least largely accomplish this stated goal. Much (but certainly not all) industrial chemistry has made it into the academic literature.
Not that the same logic necessarily applies to AI research (ie algorithms aka math and their implementations). And I'm actually happy about that because the cost of doing the research is so much lower. There's a long list of reasons that the average person living in a residential area can't do industrial chemistry as a hobby.
To your dye example, yttrium indium manganese blue was the first commercially viable inorganic blue pigment discovered in ~200 years, is the only known environmentally safe one, and was openly published in the literature. It's also under an exclusive license. (TBF though unless the chemical is unusually difficult to synthesize not publishing would be rather pointless in this day and age given the utterly absurd capabilities of modern analytical techniques.)
It depends on the field, and to some extent on the particular patent officer assigned, but one of the failings of the US patent system is many patents don't actually provide enough details to reproduce the result. And even if they do they don't (usually) include ancillary information like the discovery process, properties of the invention etc.
>> To your dye example, yttrium indium manganese blue was the first commercially viable inorganic blue pigment discovered in ~200 years, is the only known environmentally safe one, and was openly published in the literature. It's also under an exclusive license.
Gee, I wonder what was wrong with the previous blue pigments and why it was so important to have this one under an exclusive license.
Cobalt blue is a blue pigment made by sintering cobalt(II) oxide with aluminium(III) oxide (alumina) at 1200 °C. Chemically, cobalt blue pigment is cobalt(II) oxide-aluminium oxide, or cobalt(II) aluminate, CoAl2O4. Cobalt blue is lighter and less intense than the (iron-cyanide based) pigment Prussian blue.
Cobalt poisoning sounds scary, but I see nothing on the linked Wikipedia page that would present a risk of accidental consumption of medically relevant amounts of cobalt, whether in one sitting or through prolonged exposure.
Though the mention of Bolesławiec makes me worried a little; my wife loves their designs and we have a bunch of plates and bowls and such from them, and we serve food on/in them regularly...
> my wife loves their designs and we have a bunch of plates and bowls and such from them, and we serve food on/in them regularly...
I don't think you need to worry about that. The pigment is already reasonably benign when in solid form; once embedded in or under a glaze I'm not aware of anything that would suggest it carries any health risks whatsoever.
That said I'm unclear how safe direct exposure to the pigment itself is (such as when suspended in a liquid for painting). There's not a lot of data available that I could find, and of course due to having a unique crystalline structure it won't necessarily have the same properties as the component products, however cobalt(II) oxide itself is extremely hazardous which is at least cause to be cautious.
Other than manufacturing safety primarily the new pigment is just incredibly vivid.
>> That said I'm unclear how safe direct exposure to the pigment itself is (such as when suspended in a liquid for painting). There's not a lot of data available that I could find, and of course due to having a unique crystalline structure it won't necessarily have the same properties as the component products, however cobalt(II) oxide itself is extremely hazardous which is at least cause to be cautious.
The consensus is that artists' colours are hazardous waste that needs safe disposal. You can find instructions how to do that in many arts supplies' sellers sites and the like, for example one I've used:
The comment about not licking your brushes is a reference to the common practice of licking them in the wargaming miniatures painting community (you know, Warhammer and all that). You can find videos of influencers explicitly telling you that the best way to shape the tip of your brush or remove excess water is to lick it. For example:
If you ask for a rationale it's usually that wargaming and generally hobbyist paints are non-toxic, but the truth is that hobby paint manufacturers never list their paints' ingredients so there is no way to know. And of course there's different degrees of toxicity, not everything needs to be cobalt(II) oxide-level toxic to hurt you if you consume "large enough" quantities of it; the question is what that "large enough" means and without knowing the substance, there's no way to know.
Notably this is exactly what patents are intended to combat. And while US IP law is clearly very broken it does at least largely accomplish this stated goal. Much (but certainly not all) industrial chemistry has made it into the academic literature.
Not that the same logic necessarily applies to AI research (ie algorithms aka math and their implementations). And I'm actually happy about that because the cost of doing the research is so much lower. There's a long list of reasons that the average person living in a residential area can't do industrial chemistry as a hobby.
To your dye example, yttrium indium manganese blue was the first commercially viable inorganic blue pigment discovered in ~200 years, is the only known environmentally safe one, and was openly published in the literature. It's also under an exclusive license. (TBF though unless the chemical is unusually difficult to synthesize not publishing would be rather pointless in this day and age given the utterly absurd capabilities of modern analytical techniques.)