I'm with you, right up to the point of "an American citizen". As I see it, the right to a speedy jury trial, etc., don't come from being a citizen. These things came from the natural rights philosophy that Madison and others viewed the world through when creating our Constitution and Bill of Rights.

Hence, the right to a trial comes simply from the fact of being a person. No citizenship or residency required.

(I grant that reconciling this with acts of war makes it much more murky)